E.V. Mikhailik, A.I. Khanchuk, L.B. Khershberg
The role of the Taylor-Hogg topographic eddies during Fe-Mn nodule deposition on the periphery of the Magellan Seamounts (Pacific Ocean)

The geologic study of abyssal areas in detail at the periphery of the Magellan Seamounts show that the Co-rich Fe-Mn nodule deposits (with productivity 20 kg/m2 and more) are located in the northern part of the seamount pedestals, NE-striking intermountain valleys and on abyssal hills (300-500 m) at a depth of 5200-5900 m. According to the present-day results of geophysical hydrodynamics, the generation of this type of nodule deposits is explained by the occurrence of the Taylor-Hogg topographic eddies. The results of nodule geology can be used as criteria of evolution of the Taylor-Hogg topographic eddies in geophysical hydrodynamics.

 K.B. Bulnaev
The formation of Transbaikal type depressions

The monoclinal structure of the Late Mesozoic Gusinoozeorsk depression (standard for the Transbaikal type depressions) caused by the synsedimentary subsidence of its basement on the fault along the south-eastern side is showed. The coal-bearing basins complicating the depression structure and transversal uplifts dividing them are regarded as elements reflecting the tectonic movements of blocks of the fault-broken basement. The examination of the suggested model of depression formation involved the investigation material on another well-studied depression - Baleiskaya depression. The geodynamic conditions are considered as rifting as a result of deep-seated magmatic processes.

A.M. Petrishchevsky
Tectonic interpretation of density heterogeneities in the crust and upper mantle of Kamchatka

The spatial and retrospective relations of the deep gravity discontinuities of the near-Kamchatka tectonosphere with the superficial tectonic complexes and structures are analyzed. The Earth?s crust in the western areas of Kamchatka and the adjacent shelf is characterized by a 3-layer structure, and it is correlated with the Okhotsk Sea type crust. The Cretaceous-Eocene terrigenous and volcanogenic-cherty complexes east of the Kamchatka Central Fault occur on the mafic crystalline layer of oceanic crust. The Central and Eastern volcanic belts of Kamchatka are accompanied with the decreased density of this layer. The wide presence of metamorphic complexes in the crust of Central and Eastern Kamchatka similar to the complexes on the Sredinny massif is improbable. The latter can occur there in the form of small plates of a thickness less than 8 km, displaced fragments of paleoisland arcs or parts of the Okhotsk Sea Plate. Thickenings of the crust and lithosphere density heterogeneities in the western areas of Kamchatka are established. By comparison of superficial elements with different-level deep structures, the features of eastward post-collisional horizontal displacements of the upper crust tectonic masses and the opposite, westward movements of the upper mantle heterogeneities are revealed.

G.F. Ufimtsev
The Earth's surface and its relief

A conception of two images (notions) of the Earth?s surface is formed: geometrical (mathematical) and physical. Geometrically, the Earth?s surface has no thickness (a bent plane). According to the physics theory, the Earth?s surface is a boundary layer of variable thickness, and its major elements are the separation zone (of the Earth?s surface relief) and the zone of destruction of the lithosphere; they ensure interaction of the atmosphere, hydrosphere and cryosphere with the lithosphere. The Earth?s surface relief is distinguished by the layer (chiefly in the southern hemisphere) or belt character, a combination of forms of separation and leveling, which are divided into leveling planes and steps.

B.F. Palymsky
Hierarchical system of the mapped geological bodies

The problems of the definition of an object of geological mapping and the generation of the uniform system of the mapped bodies are considered. It is shown that all the mapped bodies are objects of the formational rank - geological formations, their parts or combinations. The general system of local divisions for the stratified and non-stratified divisions is offered.

A.Ya. Kochetkov
Ore potential of alkaline massifs of the Aldan shield. Ryabinovsky copper-gold-porphyry deposit

Аlkaline rocks, which are of limited occurrence in the Earth?s crust, are known as a source of non-metalliferous raw material and rare metals. In the last 20-25 years, the earlier unknown ore deposits of Fe, Сu, Mo, Аu, Ag and MPG were established in alkaline rocks in a number of regions of the world. One of such regions is the Aldan Province of Mesozoic magmatism. The polyphase nature of formation and variability of the rock composition characterize the Aldan complex and its separate magmatic bodies. The Ryabinovsky Massif and the associated deposits and ore occurrences are the best studied in the Central Aldan region. The ore bodies at the Ryabinovsky deposit are represented by a stockwork of gold-sulfide ores in the stock of epileucitic syenite-porphyries about 150 м in diameter. Major ore bodies are bornite, chalropyrite and pyrite in association with platinum group minerals and gold. Similar deposits have been described in the North American Cordillera, Southeast Alaska and other regions of alkaline magmatism. For example, several gold deposits in alkaline rocks or closely associated with them have been recognized in the zones of Hercynian and Mesozoic (Yanshanian) tectono-magmatic activation of the North Chinese Craton.
Gold-sulfide deposits in the alkaline massifs represent a new type of porphyry deposits, and their detection essentially changes the conception of ore potential of alkaline magmas and metallogeny of areas of tectonio-magmatic activation with alkaline magmatism manifestations.

Yu.G. Piskunov, L.I. Rogulina, Yu.P. Yushmanov, A.A. Katruk
Mineral composition of ores at the Maya gold-silver deposit (Primorye)

The Maya gold-silver deposit is located in the Dal?negorsk ore cluster area, Primorye Territory. It is recognized in the Upper Cretaceous acid volcanics overlying uncomformably the Lower Cretaceous terrigenous rock mass. The mineralization is confined to the linear crush zones and is represented by mineralized breccias and monoquartzites. Quartz, adular-quartz and adular-chlorite-sericite-quartz veins, veinlets and zones of metasomatites are ore-bearing. The ores composition is the following: quartz (80-90%), adular (10%), and chlorite, sericite (3-4%). The ore minerals (3-5%) are represented by 0.01-0.25mm aggregates of gold and silver reciprocal intergrowth with pyrargyrite, argentite, quartz and adular, and also with acanthite and cerargyrite. High contents of gold, silver, arsenic, antimony, lead, barium and mercury were detected in the ores by spectral analysis. Au-Ag ratio is 1:7 to 1:43. The ores are easily processed by the method of cyanide leaching. The deposit is exploited by the Closed Joint-Stock Company "Electrum". There are prospects for increasing the resources of precious metals.

S.M. Rodionov, G.V. Roganov
Mineral phosphate raw material of the Far East, and the problems of its development

The results of the study of material composition, dressability and agrochemical efficiency of phosphorites and different genetic type phosphate-bearing rocks and their structural and textural varieties show that the Far East federal district has real prospects for creation of its own mineral and raw material base of phosphate fertilizers. In the course of long-term agrochemical tests of ground lump-size samples of these types of raw material on the poorly cultivated acid soils they proved to be environmentally highly effective appropriate phosphate fertilizers having the properties of chemical and physical reclamation stuff. Technical specifications and recommended practices have been developed for the phosphate-carbonate and phosphate-silicate types of raw material. The solution of the problem of the order of propriety for further study and development of resources of apatite and phosphorite raw material in the Far East federal district requires economic examination of optimal technological patterns of its processing, and variants of distribution of mining and processing enterprises and their production capacities in conditions of market relations using the currently formed home and world prices.
 

S.L. Turkov
System interpretation of the principal concepts of geoecology

Under consideration are results of research into the problem of formation of the terminology apparatus of geoecology as a new interdisciplinary scientific trend. The method base of the research is a new paradigm of the system conception of the world, the synenergetics theory, the "mode" concept, the mathematical apparatuses of the game-theory modeling and pattern recognition.