Volume 25, 6, 2006
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Volume 25, 6, 2006 |
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N.P. Romanovsky, Yu.F. Malyshev, Duang Ruiyan,
Zhu Cun, M.V. Goroshko, V.G. Gurovich. Gold potential of the southern
Far East, Russia, and Northeast China 3
A.V. Volkov, A.D. Genkin, V.I. Goncharov . The forms of
the presence of gold in the ores of the Natalka and May deposits (Northeast
Russia) 18
L.F. Mishin. The nature and prospecting implications
for ultrapotassic rhyolites as exemplified by epithermalgold-silver deposits of
the Far East 30
K.B. Bulnaev. Dikes and mineralization in the ore
fields of epithermal fluorite deposits, Transbaikal region and Mongolia 40
G.A. Fandyushkin, À.I. Gresov. The tectono-genetic
classification of coal basins of Northeast Russia 51
A.T. Sorokina. The role of faults in the formation of
inundated zones within the Baikal-Àldan hydrogeological fold region 57
B.G. Saksin, M.B. Bubnova. Zoning of man-caused
pollution, and its use in compilation of prediction ecology general maps of
mining-and-industrial territories 67
T.K. Zotova. Colored stones in the volcanics of the
Lesser Khingan 77
Materials of young scholars conferences
V.S. Alekseev. The investigation of the processes of
“rebellious” gold extraction by physical-and-chemical action 84
O.A. Karas', V.A. Pakhomova, B.L. Zalishchak, M.A. Ushkova,
N.S. Karmanov. Axinite of the Dalnegorsk borosilicate and Southern
polymetallic deposits (Primorye): mineral associations and the physical-chemical
setting of their formation 90
I.A. Kradenykh. Exploration of deep placer deposits of
the Khabarovsk Territory based on energy-saving technologies 98
L.M. Kondratyeva, V.S. Kantsyber, V.E. Zazulina, L.S.
Bokovenko. The influence of the chief tributaries of the Amur River on
the concentration of heavy metals in the water and bottom sediments 103
A.S. Prytkov, N.F. Vasilenko. The dislocation model of
the 2000 Uglegorsk earthquake source (Sakhalin Island) 115
Jubilees
The 90th birth anniversary of Yuri M. Pushcharovsky 123
Obitueries
Vladislav I. Goncharov (1939–2006) 126
Pavel V. Markevich (1934–2006) 128
Pyotr G. Nedashkovsky (1927–2006) 130
Georgy M. Vlasov (1912–2006) 131
Index of papers published in the journal in 2006 132
N.P. Romanovsky, Yu.F. Malyshev, Duang Ruiyan, Zhu Cun, M.V. Goroshko, V.G.
Gurovich
Gold potential of the southern Far East, Russia, and Northeast China
The study of the areas of gold occurrences in the Russian territory and
neighboring China resulted in the suggested comparison of the features of
distribution, types and scope of the gold deposits. Seven gold ore belts (Dzhugdzhur-Stanovoy,
Allakh-Yun, Selemdzha-Tukuringra, Okhotsk, Nizhneamur, Turan-Mudanjiang, and
North China), 60 ore districts and 15 areas promising for gold are distinguished.
The analysis of the similarities and differences between the distinguished study
subjects allows recommendations with respect to the intensification of the
search for large gold deposits in Precambrian granite-greenstone areas and of
the Paleozoic copper-gold-porphyry type in the Russian territory, and for
Mesozoic epithermal gold-silver deposits in the Chinese territory.
A.V.
Volkov, A.D. Genkin, V.I. Goncharov
The forms of the presence of gold in the ores of the Natalka and May deposits (Northeast
Russia)
In addition to a brief geological essay, the paper focuses on the results of the
study of gold-bearing sulfides of ores at the Natalka and May deposits using
modern analytical methods, such as electronic probe, neutron activation analysis,
atomic absorption, and the method of inductively coupled plasma, allowing us to
determine the condition of gold in the ore minerals. To define the conditions of
the formation of ores at the Natalka and May deposits the analysis of sulfur
isotopes in sulfides was carried out alongside other parameters. The data
obtained have been compared with the earlier results of the authors and other
researchers.
L.F. Mishin
The nature and prospecting implications for ultrapotassic rhyolites as
exemplified by epithermal gold-silver deposits of the Far East
As exemplified by gold-silver deposits it is shown that ultrapotassic rocks
known in the literature as ultrapotassic rhyolites are formed at the early
pre-ore stage of metasomatic transformations of rocks affected by hydrothermal
solutions. These transformations imply ion exchange of sodium for potassium
attended by the formation of pseudomorphosadularia replacing microlites and
crystallites of feldspars. Ultrapotassic rocks at the gold-silver deposits form
a halo that builds on hydrothermal metasomatic zoning upward and in breadth from
the ore deposits and thus are an essential characteristic for searching for ore
deposits, primarily for prediction of unexposed mineralization.
K.B. Bulnaev
Dikes and mineralization in the ore fields of epithermal fluorite deposits,
Transbaikal region and Mongolia
Structural, age and genetic relations between dikes of intrusive rocks and
mineralization in the ore fields of epithermal fluorite deposits of the
Transbaikal region and Mongolia are examined. It is shown that all the examined
types of dikes are vein derivatives of magmatic complexes that are older than
mineralization. Fluorite deposits formed in the Early Cretaceous are detached
from them in time for more than 70 million years, and mineralization is
ubiquitously superimposed on the dikes. Their frequent spatial coincidence in
plan is due to the features of the province geological structure, wide
distribution of magmatic rocks and their vein derivatives in it, and location of
deposits in the zones of dike development.
G.A. Fandyushkin,
À.I. Gresov
The tectono-genetic classification of coal basins of Northeast Russia
The proposed classification of coal fields in Northeast Russia is based on the
historical-tectonic principle revealing both the direction and stage character
of development of the Earth’s crust of the study region and the features of its
present-day structure. The classification illustrates the structural-tectonic
position of all classified objects and a tie-in with their age, and their
diagnostic properties are characterized. This makes it possible to use it for
qualitative and quantitative prediction of coal potential in the region. It is
shown that all coal fields in Northeast Russia were formed at the orogenic stage
of the Earth’s crust development and are confined to basins and troughs that
differ in their geotectonic position and structure. This allows us to
distinguish three classes of basins: of volcanic belts, rigid blocks, and fold
areas. The most characteristic types of basins confined to the rigid blocks and
the volcanogenic belt were superimposed fault-line and volcano-tectonic
depressions, respectively; and those of basins located in the fold areas,
superimposed depressions of the Mesozoic area, orogenic superimposed troughs,
superimposed inherited riftogenic and intrafold troughs. The historical-tectonic
principle of the coal fields classification permitted us to reveal the
relationship between the features of their tectonic structure and the character
of coal potential, and conditions of their formation at different stages of
evolution of the Earth’s crust in different tectonic settings. Thus, when
defining the type of a coal basin from the general geological data and according
to its present-day geotectonic position one can predict the character of its
heterogeneity, the number, array and combinations of structural and coal-bearing
rock complexes, formational features of these complexes and the characteristic
properties of accumulation and transformation of the parent organic substance,
the character of the section-wise and areal change of fold and rupture
dislocations, and also the character and the scope of coal potential, the
peculiarities of magmatism and the metamorphic degree of coal.
A.T. Sorokina
The role of faults in the formation of inundated zones within the Baikal-Àldan
hydrogeological fold region
The peculiar features of formation and location of underground waters in
cryogenic massifs of the Baikal-Aldan hydrogeological fold region are considered.
It is established that tectonogenesis and seismicity play a major role in the
distribution of zones of recharge, discharge and accumulation of underground
water. These processes contributed to permafrost intermittence and the formation
of higher inundation zones. The main criteria of inundation of the aqueous
environment in the hydrogeological massifs are defined. These are fault genesis,
fault dynamics, openness and permeability, the composition and the degree of
jointing of water-bearing rocks, the hypsometric position of fracture zones with
relation to the drainage base. The zoning of the Baikal-Aldan region with
reference to the openness of rupture dislocations and their inundation was
carried out, and the following districts were distinguished: Ust-Nyukzha, Tynda,
and Dzhagdy. The hydrogeological role of faults was assessed including
transition faults, recharging, water-collecting, water-distributing, and
accumulating faults. Hydrogeological reservoirs are characterized with account
for their morphology (grabens, fault-block valleys, structural-tectonic, and
hydrographic nodes), their structure (one- and two-layered), the type of
underground water accumulation (fissure-bedded, fissure-veined, bed-pored),
which have high operating potential due to the unity of the surface and
underground drainage, intense water exchange, high values of the underground
discharge modulus, and the predicted operational resources. The most inundated
areas are considered from the point of view of their use for the purpose of
water supply.
B.G. Saksin, M.B. Bubnova
Zoning of man-caused pollution, and its use in compilation of prediction ecology
general maps of mining-and-industrial territories
Data on the evident zoning of man-caused pollution around mining enterprises
obtained by different authors during investigations of the state of various
components of natural environment in the extraction area are summarized. Data on
the distance of pollutants transport from separate enterprises were processed,
and marginal distances from the sources to the outer boundaries of different
pollution zones were computed. A possibility of using the proposed method to
determine the geographic position of natural mining systems of the ore district
rank on small scale prediction ecology maps is specifically exemplified.
T.K. Zotova
Colored stones in the volcanics of the Lesser Khingan
The known and the previous data on the presence of semiprecious mineralization
and occurrences of facing raw material in the volcanogenic units of the Lesser
Khingan are stated. Data are first cited on the presence of chrysolite-bearing
mineralization recognized in heavy concentrate samples taken from the Neogene
basalts of the Khingan-Olonoy volcanic structure, and on hydrothermally
volcanogenic jaspers in the Upper Cretaceous rhyolites detected in alluvial and
talus deposits. The occurrence of crystal-bearing mineralization in the
tin-bearing granite-porphyry of the Khingan deposit is described.
V.S. Alekseev
The investigation of the processes of “rebellious” gold extraction by
physical-and-chemical action
The method of concentrate pretreatment by chemical reagents based on halogenides
is proposed for effective extraction of fine and thin gold. Rational dosages
were defined, and a scheme of the chain of the SHOW equipment devices was
developed together with reagent pretreatment of concentrates of dredges and
flushing devices.
O.A. Karas', V.A. Pakhomova, B.L. Zalishchak, M.A. Ushkova, N.S. Karmanov
Axinite of the Dalnegorsk borosilicate and Southern polymetallic deposits (Primorye):
mineral associations and the physical-chemical setting of their formation
This paper lists the results of studies of mineral parageneses of axinite from
the Dalnegorsk group of deposits. Also, physical-chemical parameters of mineral
formation are examined by means of mineral and fluid inclusion study of large
crystals.
Thermobarogeochemical investigations have established that fluid inclusions in
axinite contain low-concentration (21.5%) CaCl2 solutions, and the
temperature of primary inclusions homogenization is 520°Ñ, which corresponds to
that of the outset of axinite crystallization. Axinite druse formation in
vesicles suggests low pressures during mineral formation.
I.A. Kradenykh
Exploration of deep placer deposits of the Khabarovsk Territory based on
energy-saving technologies
The grounds for, the analysis and feasibility of the ways of exploration of deep
placer deposits of different geological-commercial types in the Khabarovsk
Territory are offered. The modern energy principle of assessment of
technological processes was used and modified. The derived dependencies allow
prediction of profitability of deep gold placer resources and technological
development, mining risks considered.
L.M. Kondratyeva, V.S.
Kantsyber, V.E. Zazulina, L.S. Bokovenko
The influence of the chief tributaries of the Amur River on the concentration of
heavy metals in the water and bottom sediments
The results of the study of heavy metal concentrations in the water and bottom
sediments of the Amur River in the regions affected by the three main
tributaries flow are presented in the paper. The watershed of the two of them
(the Zeya and Bureya rivers) is located on left bank of the Amur River in the
Russian territory. The watershed of the third tributary (the Songhua River) is
located on right bank of the Amur River in the densely populated area of the
People’s Republic of China. The flows of the Zeya and Bureya rivers supplied the
Amur river mainly with Fe, Zn, Cu, and Pb. High concentrations of Fe, Mn, Ni and
Co were registered in the water near the right bank of the Amur River in the
zone maximally affected by the Songhua River. Increased concentrations of toxic
elements were noted in the upper layers of the bottom sediments sampled in the
mouth of the Bureya River (mg/kg): Pb – 15.5; Hg – 0.067; Cd – 0.6. According to
investigation results, the level of heavy metals pollution in the bottom
sediments in the zone affected by the Songhua River, in spite of a variety of
toxic elements supplied by the river, was considerably less than in the bottom
sediments sampled in the mouth of the Bureya River. Cu, Pb and Cd concentrations
in the bottom sediments in the mouth of the Zeya River were minimal. Maximal
concentrations of mercury were noted in a 10-15 cm layer of the bottom sediments
(0.093 mg/kg) and bed load (0.14 mg/kg) in the mouth of the Bureya River.
A.S. Prytkov, N.F. Vasilenko
The dislocation model of the 2000 Uglegorsk earthquake source (Sakhalin Island)
The dislocation model of the Uglegorsk earthquake was constructed using the
inversion method of measured vertical coseismic displacements for the
rectangular source. Unlike the preceding model based only on the variation of
seismological data, the constructed model additionally takes into account the
results of surface seismic rupture direct investigations. The conducted
investigations allowed us to unambiguously establish that the Uglegorsk
earthquake source was confined to the Krasnopolyevskiy fault, which is a
constituent part of the West Sakhalin deep fault. The geometrical parameters of
the seismic rupture were estimated. The scheme of the coseismic vertical Earth’s
surface displacements was constructed for the epicentral zone. It is shown that
the greatest scale secondary deformations of the Earth’s surface manifested
themselves in the areas of maximum vertical displacements. According to the
results of 2005 GPS observations, a process of intense accumulation of
sublatitudinal horizontal compression deformations has been going on. A period
of recurrent seismic events similar to the Uglegorsk earthquake was estimated.