Volume 27, 6, 2008 |
| V.V. Kulakov. K.P. Karavanov's contribution to the investigation of hydrology of the Pacific segment of the Earth 3 S.L. Shvartsev. Interaction in the system “water – rock” as a new base for further evolution of hydrogeology 5 K.P. Karavanov, V.V. Kulakov. Global hydrogeologic systems, and groundwater of the Pacific segment of the Earth 17 V.E. Glotov, L.P. Glotova. Hydrogeology of the northern coastal zone of the Sea of Okhotsk 31 A.T. Sorokina, A.P. Sorokin, M.A. Serov. The reflection of neotectonic processes in the subsurface hydrosphere of the Upper Priamurye 43 V.A. Chudaeva, O.V. Chudaev, S.G. Yurchenko. The chemical isotope (18O/16O è D/1H) composition of ground water of central and southern Primorye 57 G.A. Chelnokov, N.A. Kharitonova, N.N. Zykin, O.F. Vereshchagina. The genesis of mineral groundwaters of the Razdolnenskiy occurrence (Primorskiy Territory) 65 O.V. Chudaev, V.A. Chudaeva, I.V. Bragin. Geochemistry of thermal waters of the Sikhote-Alin 73 N.A. Kharitonova, G.A. Chelnokov, V.V. Kulakov, N.N, Zykin. Geochemistry of mineral waters and gasses of the Mukhen deposit (the Far East) 82 V.I.Sinyukov, V.À.Glukhov, Î.V.Rybas, À.N. Makhinov, V.I.Kim, N.V.Berdnikov. Features of the dynamics of channel processes in the Khabarovsk water junction 92 V.V. Chakov, N.V. Berdnikov, N.S. Konovalova. Organic matter of the liquid phase of peat and its hydrolyzates of the Middle Amur basin deposits 100 Õðîíèêà V.P. Zverev, O.V. Chudaev. The 12th International Symposium “Water-Rock” Interaction (July-August, 2007, Kunming, China) 105 Index of papers published in 2008 107 S.L. Shvartsev Interaction in the “water–rock” system as a new base for further evolution of hydrogeology The leading mechanisms determining continuous, geologically long-term evolution of the water-rock system are discussed. The evolution results in the formation of various hydrogenetic and mineral complexes. The system under study is shown to be stationary, equilibrium - non-equilibrium, which evolves ubiquitously in the area that is far from the equilibrium state, and results in the formation of new in principle mineral assemblages and geochemical types of waters. Given the fact that water is the main factor controlling the evolutionary trend of the study system, the statement that this system should become the major subject for hydrogeology is grounded. K.P. Karavanov, V.V. Kulakov Global hydrogeologic systems, and groundwater of the Pacific segment of the Earth The results of nearly half a century theoretical and applied research conducted by K.P. Karavanov and connected with the study of hydrogeologic systems of continents and oceanic floors, and regional hydrogeology of the Pacific segment of the Earth are reflected. This research is not yet over; it is being developed by his followers, and is the basis for the further study of the features of the subsurface hydrosphere on land and on the sea and ocean floor. V.E. Glotov, L.P. Glotova Hydrogeology of the northern coastal zone of the Sea of Okhotsk For the first time a complex description of major factors of formation, conditions of occurrences and ground water composition has been provided. Permafrost and hydrogeologic peculiarities of the Sea of Okhotsk coast from the Urak River on the west to Taigonos Peninsula on the east are outlined. It is shown that in generally similar climatic environments over the whole coastal zone, the geologic distinctions between the inner and the outer zone of the Okhotsk-Chukotka vocanogenic belt affect substantially the recognition of permafrost and hydrogeologic conditions in the coastal zone. The most favorable conditions for the development of active water exchange are in the inner zone of the belt. The regional deep drainage of the ground in the Late Pleistocene cryochrone, subsequent global warming and transgression of the Sea of Okhotsk at the beginning of the Holocene played a major role in the formation of hydrogeochemical zoning in the sedimentary covers of artesian basins, and also in the formation of the zone of chloride salty and salt-like fracture and fracture-veined waters of the coastal hydrogeologic structures. New data that give evidence of geoecological implications of the identified regularities were obtained. A.T. Sorokina, A.P. Sorokin, M.A. Serov The reflection of neotectonic processes in the subsurface hydrosphere of the Upper Priamurye New data are offered on neotectonic processes, seismicity and degassing in the interior part of the Zeya-Bureya artesian basin’s southern part, and their effect on hydrogeologic processes is shown. To define zones of increased permeability and channels of fluid discharge, heliometrical and atmochemical methods were applied. As a result, we established discrete permeability of rupture dislocations and confinement of active “breathing” zones to fault intersection junctions; incidentally, these faults bound small artesian basins and internal hydrogeologic massifs. Regularities of confinement of seismogenic zones of discharge centers of different-type mineral waters to certain structural-tectonic knots are considered. Their description and new data on microelement composition are also given. The paper gives the results of many years long heliometric observations aimed at a study of the dynamics of the earth’s interior degassing and of fluid regime at the Konstantinovka deposit of mineral chloride-sodic waters. The relationship between the obtained results and seismic activity is established. V.A. Chudaeva, O.V. Chudaev, S.G. Yurchenko The chemical isotope (18O/16O è D/1H) composition of ground water of central and southern Primorye Ground and fracture water of Primorye including coastal zones were studied during the last 10 years. The study of basic and microelement composition of more than 130 samples shows that shallow ground water of southern Primorye with pH ranging between 5.4 and 8.4 contains dissolved oxygen (up to 7.7 mg/l), and more often has basic ions mixed composition. Microelement content variations reflect both the natural features of host rocks and possible man-caused pollution in the most populated areas. Intrusions of sea waters in the study areas were not recognized, which is proved both by the chemical composition of ground water and stable isotopes relations (18O/16O è D/1H) in the ground water samples, as well as meteoric waters of the study area and sea coastal waters of Primorye. The chemical composition of the ground water used for potable purposes is rather satisfactory as compared to the Russian and the World Health Organization standards. At the same time, given an increase in the content of different microelements and biogenic components in the ground water of the populated areas, it seems expedient to carry out monitoring of, and thorough control over, the groundwater chemical composition for their protection for portable purposes. G.A. Chelnokov, N.A. Kharitonova, N.N. Zykin, O.F. Vereshchagina The genesis of mineral groundwaters of the Razdolnenskiy occurrence (Primorskiy Territory) Original data on the chemical and isotopic composition of groundwater and gases from the unique occurrence of mineral groundwater in the coastal zone of southern Primorye are cited. New data on the 18Î and 2Í content in the mineral groundwater and ambient water together with the 13Ñ content in gas have allowed solve a problem of the genesis and evolution of mineral water in the coastal zone of the Japan Sea. It is determined that meteoric waters penetrate into Mesozoic terrigenous rocks and change its chemical composition as affected by processes of transformation of organic matter of host rocks. CO2 emitted in the reactions increases manifold the concentration of HCO3 in water and initiates the supply of Na into water at the expense of dissolution of aluminosilicates. O.V. Chudaev, V.A. Chudaeva, I.V. Bragin Geochemistry of thermal waters of the Sikhote-Alin The results of geochemical studies of low-temperature thermal waters of the Sikhote-Alin are reported. The study waters belong to the alkaline HCO3 – Na hydrogeochemical type, however, with substantial microelement variations within the type. An increase in the temperature and TDS of the study waters from south to north of the Sikhote-Alin is an essential feature. The low-temperature waters have a meteoric origin, and their chemical composition is attributed to water-rock interaction. N.A. Kharitonova, G.A. Chelnokov, V.V. Kulakov, N.N, Zykin Geochemistry of mineral waters and gasses of the Mukhen deposit (the Far East) The paper cites new data on hydrochemistry of two types of cold high pCC>2 carbonaceous mineral waters from the Mukhen spar (Khabarovsky Territory). The first type of the groundwater belongs to Ca-Mg-ÍÑÎç type with a relatively low TDS (1.7 g/1) and contains high concentrations of Fe2+, Mn2+, Ba2+, and SiO2. The second type is of HCO3-Na composition with a high TDS of about 14 g/1, and is enriched in Li+, B, Sr2+, Br-, and Ã. New data on oxygen (<518O) and hydrogen (<52H) isotopes in water, and <513C (TIC) in the gas phase along with the detailed analysis of geology and hydrogeology of the study area allow us to solve the problem of the mineral water origin and evolution. Based on the obtained on tritium content (3H) in the surface and groundwaters, an estimation was made of mineral waters circulation. It was established that the formation of Na-ÍÑÎç waters was the result of interaction between meteoric waters and water-holding rocks with the active participation of CO2 under conditions of slow water exchange, whereas the formation of the HCO3-Ca-Mg water type suggested a rather more rapid water exchange. V.I.Sinyukov, V.À.Glukhov, Î.V.Rybas, À.N. Makhinov, V.I.Kim, N.V.Berdnikov Features of the dynamics of channel processes in the Khabarovsk water junction Based on remote sensing data, the analysis of the dynamics of channel processes in the territory of the complex floodplain-channel branching of the Amur River near the City of Khabarovsk was carried out. Zones of steady accumulation and long-term erosion of the river channel are established within the Khabarovsk water junction over the period of 1964–2004. The basic problems connected with setting the Amur stream back to its initial channel are specified. The map of the detached streams being formed in the Amur under the influence of the Sungari and Ussuri large tributaries was developed. As exemplified by the emergency situation, which resulted from the explosion at the chemical enterprise in the Sungari basin (Jilin, China, November, 2005), its importance for the prediction of the spread of man-caused pollution of the Amur River channel is shown. V.V. Chakov, N.V. Berdnikov, N.S. Konovalova Organic matter of the liquid phase of peat and its hydrolyzates of the Middle Amur basin deposits The liquid phase of peat from the Middle Amur depression deposits was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive analysis (SEM-EDA). The study was aimed at finding a possibility of obtaining new sorbents on its basis. It is shown that carbon organic compounds having the shape and properties of fractals can be prepared on the basis of peat hydrolyzates. The concentration of carbon in them corresponds to its quantity in the structure of humic complexes extracted from peat deposits. The high-molecular compounds obtained sorb actively small organic particles. The studied preparations can be used for developing an essentially new class of effective petrosorbents. |